Silicon hlau yog dab tsi thiab nws los ntawm qhov twg
Silicon hlau, tseem hu ua metallurgical qib silicon los yog industrial silicon, yog lub hauv paus ntawm silicon nrog lub cim Si thiab atomic tooj 14. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj, nkig, crystalline khoom nrog ib tug bluish -grey metallic lustre. Chemically nws coj li ib tug metalloid nrog plaub valence electrons, thiab nws yog ib tug semiconductor nyob rau hauv lub ntshiab lub xeev. Nws qhov hnyav atomic yog 28.0855, nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog li 1414 degrees Celsius thiab nws qhov kub kub yog li 3265 degrees Celsius. Kev lag luam nws tau muab los ua cov khoom siv nrog cov nyiaj - grey tawg nto thiab yog qhov chaw pib rau ferrosilicon, aluminium- silicon alloys, silicones thiab tag nrho cov saw hlau photovoltaic thiab electronics.
Cov saw hlau xa khoom los ntawm Quartz rau Rauv kais
Txoj kev tsim khoom pib nrog silica nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm quartz los yog quartzite, uas yog mined, crushed, ntxuav thiab graded rau ib tug tswj loj ua ntej nws yuav raug nqi. Tom qab ntawd cov silica graded yog txo nrog cov pa roj carbon -cov kabmob reductant nyob rau hauv submerged arc rauv, qhov twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khiav ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 1800 degrees Celsius. Lub molten silicon yog tapping, txias thiab cam khwb cia, ces crushed thiab tshuaj ntsuam rau hauv lub sizing bands tus neeg muas zaub xav tau. Kev tswj hwm impurity pib hauv cov khoom siv raw: cov hlau, txhuas thiab calcium cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus nqi, kev huv ntawm cov reductant thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cub tawg ua haujlwm ua ke txiav txim siab seb qib purity twg tuaj yeem tapping.
Cov khoom siv raw: silica pob thiab cov pa roj carbon reductant, ob qho tib si tshuaj xyuas rau qhov nqaim me me rau qhov cub permeability.
Smelting: submerged arc rauv, txo qis ntawm silica rau molten silicon.
Casting thiab crushing: tswj cua txias, ces crushing thiab tshuaj ntsuam rau hauv kev lag luam sizing bands.
Kev Ua tiav: de- plua plav, sib nqus sib nqus thiab ntim khoom, nrog rau kev ua piv txwv rau cov ntawv pov thawj tsom xam.
Cov qib lag luam thiab lawv cov kev txwv tsis pub dhau
Silicon hlau yog pauv los ntawm qib code, thiab cov cai hais txog qhov impurity ceilings ntawm hlau, txhuas thiab calcium nyob rau hauv kaum ntawm ib feem pua ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Qib 553 yog li tso cai rau 0.5% hlau, 0.5% txhuas thiab 0.3% calcium, thiab tus lej qis ib txwm txhais tau tias yog cov khoom lag luam zoo dua, kim dua. Lub rooj sib tham lub npe thiab cov kev txwv sib thooj tau teev tseg hauv GB / T 2881, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum hais cov qauv ua ke nrog qib kom qhov kev soj ntsuam xav tau tsis meej.
| Qib code | Fe% max | Al % max | Ca % max | Hom kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 553 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | General metallurgical siv, deoxidation |
| 441 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | Aluminium alloys, ferrosilicon pub |
| 3303 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.03 | Silicone thiab chemical siv |
| 2202 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.02 | Kev siv tshuaj lom neeg qib siab thiab alloy |
| 1101 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 | Electronics thiab solar feedstocks |
Ob lub ntsiab lus ua raws li los ntawm lub rooj. Ua ntej, qib tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus hlau ib leeg; aluminium thiab calcium txav ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tswj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov txheej txheem cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov thib ob, cov qauv yuav tsum sawv cev rau ntau, vim hais tias cov khoom siv pob yog heterogeneous thiab cov qauv coj los ntawm lub hnab loj tsis yog pov thawj ntawm qhov nruab nrab tsom.
Lub cev muaj zog thiab kev siv thoob plaws kev lag luam
Silicon hlau muaj lub siab melting point, zoo stability ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nruab nrab hluav taws xob conductivity thiab tsawg ntom rau ib tug metallic - saib cov khoom. Mechanically nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab nkig, nrog ib tug tsawg coefficient ntawm thermal expansion. Nws tiv thaiv corrosion nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw vim hais tias nyias oxide txheej tsim ib txwm nyob rau saum npoo, uas yog vim li cas nws ua tau zoo raws li ib tug alloying caij nyob rau hauv txhuas thiab raws li ib tug deoxidation additive nyob rau hauv hlau. Rau kev tuav thiab khaws cia, tib lub brittleness txhais tau hais tias cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim kev nplua yog tias nws tau poob rov qab los ntawm qhov siab, yog li hloov cov ntsiab lus hauv cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau khaws cia luv luv.
Aluminium alloys: silicon ntxiv txhim kho fluidity, lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cam khwb cia txhuas cov khoom.
Steelmaking: silicon yog siv rau deoxidation, thiab industrial silicon yog cov khoom noj rau ferrosilicon ntau lawm.
Silicones: silicon hlau yog lub hauv paus rau silicone kua, sealants, adhesives, lubricants thiab ntau yam khoom kho mob thiab tus kheej.
Photovoltaics: siab purity silicon yog cov khoom siv hauv lub hnub ci.
Electronics: semiconductor- qib silicon yog siv rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov khoom siv sib cais.
Tshuaj: silicon yog siv los tsim cov chlorosilanes thiab lwm yam tshuaj nruab nrab.
Kev tuav, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua lag luam
Silicon hlau tsis yog plua plav benign. Cov feem me me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ua pa thiab flammability, thiab cov khoom molten los yog kub ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo kub hnyiab hauv qhov cub. Cov txheej txheem tswj tau ua haujlwm suav nrog kev tshem tawm plua plav thiab qhov cua ntawm crushing, tshuaj ntsuam thiab ntim cov chaw nres tsheb, kev tiv thaiv ua pa thiab qhov muag tiv thaiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm raug, hnab looj tes thiab khaub ncaws cov cai nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom kub, kev tu vaj tse kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav, thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev cob qhia rau txhua tus tuav cov khoom. Kev ua raws li kev ua haujlwm raug cuam tshuam thiab kev thauj mus los yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas hauv zos, vim hais tias cov kev cai sib txawv ntawm kev txiav txim siab thiab nruab nrab ntawm metallurgical thiab siab dua purity kawg ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Nyob rau sab kev lag luam, Tuam Tshoj yog cov neeg tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm silicon hlau, thiab kev noj zaub mov yog tsom rau hauv aluminium, tshuaj thiab photovoltaic daim ntaub ntawv. Kev thov los ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab, lub tsheb hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob nyob rau xyoo tas los no, thaum cov khoom siv tau teb rau lub zog muaj zog thiab kev tswj hwm ntau lawm hauv cheeb tsam smelting. Rau ib tus neeg yuav khoom, qhov sib xyaw ua ke sib cav rau qhov ntim tau cog lus nrog cov qib teev tseg, cov ntaub ntawv loj thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas tsis yog rau qhov chaw yuav khoom ib leeg.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm silicon hlau thiab ferrosilicon?
Silicon hlau yog elemental silicon, thaum ferrosilicon yog hlau -silicon alloy ua los ntawm quartz nrog ib tug hlau - bearing nqi. Lawv ua haujlwm sib txawv thiab yog cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ob qho tib si muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tus nqi.
Q: Tus lej lej txhais li cas?
Peb lossis plaub tus lej hais txog qhov tsis huv ntawm lub qab nthab hauv kaum ntawm ib feem pua rau hlau, txhuas thiab calcium nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, yog li qib 553 tso cai rau 0.5 feem pua Fe, 0.5 feem pua Al thiab 0.3 feem pua Ca li maxima.
Q: Dab tsi qib twg yuav tsum tau cog qoob loo?
Qib 553 lossis 441 npog feem ntau siv metallurgical thiab aluminium alloy. Qib siab dua yog tsim nyog thaum cov ntsiab lus txhuas lossis calcium yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem cov neeg siv khoom.
Q: Qhov luaj li cas band tau teev tseg?
Los ntawm ib cheeb tsam uas tau teev tseg nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws raug nplua feem, pom zoo sau ntawv. Loose cov ntsiab lus xws li pob los yog granular tawm ntawm kev tsom xam thiab cov txiaj ntsig qhib rau kev txhais lus.
Q: Lub ntim twg yog siv rau cov khoom xa tawm?
Ib lub hnab loj loj yog cov qauv, nrog cov nruas steel lossis cov hnab me me uas muaj cov txheej txheem cov neeg siv khoom xav tau kev tswj xyuas nruj dua. Ntim yuav tsum muaj npe nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ua ke nrog nws cov nqi.
Q: Vim li cas tib qib sib txawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov neeg muag khoom?
Qib yog lub qab nthab, tsis yog chemistry ruaj. Ob qhov ntau tuaj yeem ua tau raws li 553 thaum sib txawv ntawm qhov tseeb impurity theem, sizing faib thiab nplua cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov kev sib txawv no hloov tus nqi ntawm kev siv.