Taw qhia
Sb yog lub cim tshuaj rau lub caij antimony, uas muaj tus lej atomic ntawm 51 thiab qhov hnyav atomic ntawm 121.76. Antimony yog ib qho metalloid uas feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm li sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog lub npe Latin rau Sb, nrog rau nws cov khoom, kev siv, thiab keeb kwm.
Lub npe Latin rau Sb
Lub npe Latin rau antimony yog stibium. Lub npe no tau muab los ntawm Greek lo lus "stibi," uas txhais tau tias "kos", vim hais tias antimony tau nquag siv los ua cov xim pleev xim los ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub thiab tom qab los ntawm cov neeg Loos. Nws kuj tau siv hauv tshuaj, raws li nws tau ntseeg tias muaj cov khoom kho mob.
Lub npe Latin stibium kuj tau siv los xa mus rau daim ntawv hlau ntawm antimony, uas tau paub rau cov neeg Greek thaum ub thiab Loos. Lo lus "antimony" nws tus kheej yog muab los ntawm Greek lo lus "anti-monos," uas txhais tau tias "tsis nyob ib leeg," hais txog qhov tseeb tias antimony tsis pom nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv hauv qhov xwm txheej.
Cov khoom ntawm Antimony
Antimony yog silvery-white metalloid uas nkig thiab tawv. Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg (630 degree) thiab kub taw tes (1,380 degree) piv rau lwm cov hlau. Antimony yog ib tug tsis zoo conductor ntawm hluav taws xob thiab cua sov, tab sis muaj ib tug siab thermal conductivity. Nws kuj tseem tiv taus corrosion thiab oxidation.
Antimony muaj ntau cov isotopes, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho ruaj khov: antimony -121. Antimony-121 ua li ntawm 57% ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm antimony. Lwm cov isotopes yog radioactive thiab lwj mus rau lwm yam.
Kev siv ntawm Antimony
Antimony muaj ntau yam kev siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Ib qho ntawm nws cov kev siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hauv kev tsim cov nplaim hluav taws, uas yog siv ntau yam khoom, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, textiles, thiab plastics. Antimony kuj tseem siv los ua cov tawv tawv hauv cov hlau lead thiab ua ib feem hauv cov roj teeb.
Antimony kuj muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws yog siv los kho ntau yam kab mob, nrog rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, digestive ntshawv siab, thiab ua pa. Niaj hnub no, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ib co tshuaj los kho cov kab mob parasitic, xws li leishmaniasis.
Keeb kwm ntawm Antimony
Antimony tau paub thiab siv txij thaum ub. Cov neeg Iyiv siv nws los ua cov xim pleev xim, thaum cov neeg Loos siv nws ua tshuaj. Antimony kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog los tsim cov iav xim rau lub tsev teev ntuj qhov rais.
Nyob rau xyoo 1700s, antimony tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov khoom siv tawv tawv rau cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov siv hauv typefoundry thiab luam ntawv. Nyob rau xyoo 1800, kev siv antimony ua cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau nthuav dav.
Niaj hnub no, antimony tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hlau. Tuam Tshoj yog lub ntiaj teb cov neeg tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm antimony, ua raws li Russia, Bolivia, thiab Tajikistan. Feem ntau ntawm cov antimony tsim yog siv nyob rau hauv Suav teb, uas yog ob qho tib si lub ntiaj teb no tus neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab exporter ntawm antimony.
Xaus
Hauv kev xaus, lub npe Latin rau Sb yog stibium, uas yog los ntawm Greek lo lus "stibi," txhais tau tias "kos". Antimony yog metalloid nrog ntau yam kev siv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no, suav nrog cov nplaim hluav taws xob, cov khoom tawv tawv rau cov hlau, thiab cov khoom siv rau cov roj teeb. Antimony muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev siv tshuaj thiab tau paub txij li lub sijhawm qub. Niaj hnub no, nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj thiab yog ob qho tib si lub ntiaj teb no tus neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab exporter ntawm antimony.