Niobium puas hnov ​​nrog dej?

Cov khoom "zoo tshaj plaws" rau ib tug crucible nyob ntawm nws cov kev npaj siv, tshwj xeeb yog tusQho so​, ​Tshuaj ib puag ncig, ThiabHom khoom siv tau melted lossis ua tiavCov. Cov kev xaiv sib xws muaj:

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​Npaim: Qhov zoo tagnrho rau qis -} {}}}}}} Kuv puas yog melting aluminium, tooj liab, lossis zinc. Nws yog qhov pheej yig thiab ua cov cua sov kom zoo tab sis oxidizes rau hauv huab cua ntawm huab cua ntawm qhov kub.

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​Ceramics (xws li, Alumina, Zirconia): Haum rau high - kub txheej txheem (txog ~ 2,000 degree) thiab corrosive melts (piv txwv li, Molten Steel, iav). Lawv tawm tsam oxidation thiab tshuaj tua tab sis muaj nkig.

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​Platinum - Pab Pawg Hlau (Pgms: Platinum, Iridium, Palladium): Siv rau Ultra - high {1}-, platinum, lossis semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv) vim lawv qhov inertness) vim lawv inertness. Lawv yog kim tab sis heev ruaj.

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​Refractory hlau (piv txwv li, tungsten, molybdenum): Rau huab cua sov heev (txog li ~ 3,000 degree) nyob rau hauv nqus tsev lossis inert atmospheres, txawm hais tias lawv raug nqi thiab nquag mus rau oxidation hauv huab cua.

Tsis muaj ib qho khoom siv yog thoob ntiaj teb "zoo tshaj plaws"; Kev xaiv cov nyiaj sib npaug nrog siv, ntsuas kub, thiab tshuaj lom neeg.

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​Superconducts Hlau Nplaum: Niobium - titanium (niobium - Cov Khoom Siv Nyiaj Txiag (piv txwv li Cond Thaum txias rau cryogenic kub (~ 4-10 k), lawv coj hluav taws xob nrog xoom kam.

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​Alloys ntxiv dag zog: Ntxiv rau cov hlau (piv txwv li, cov hlau stainless, tuam hlau) los kho cov qauv grbides thiab kev sib zog (-} kub ua tau zoo. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau pipelines, iberospace Cheebtsam, thiab kev lag luam machinery.

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​Cov khoom hluav taws xob (cughab): Niobium electrolytic capacitors siv tau rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, smartphones, laptops) rau lawv lub neej ruaj khov, thiab compact loj. Lawv outperform aluminium capactrors hauv high- kub lossis siab - kev cia siab thov kev pab.

Lub npe hloov pauv cov qauv kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb. Lub ntsiab lus tau pom ywj siab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo 19th:

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British Chemist Charles harpett npe nws "Columbium" (CB) xyoo 1801, tom qab Columbia, lub npe keeb kwm rau Asmeskas, qhov twg Ore pom.

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GERMAN CHEMIST Heinrich Rose re {0} iobium "(Niobium" (kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab nrog TANTALUM, lwm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj).

Rau kaum xyoo, "Columbium" tseem muaj nyob hauv Asmeskas, thaum "Niobium" tau siv thoob plaws. Xyoo 1950, The International Union ntawm cov neeg ntshiab thiab thov shopistry (iupac)

Nyob rau hauv ib txwm mob (chav sov, nruab nrab pH),Niobium tsis hnov ​​mob nrog dejCov. Zoo li lwm cov hlau refract (piv txwv li, titanium, tungsten), txheej txheej oxide (feem ntau nb₂o₅ (feem ntau ntawm cov npoo av lossis dej. Cov txheej no yog cov tshuaj tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog dej, txawm tias thaum npau taws kub.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub heev los yog alkaline ib puag ncig (piv txwv li confium hydrochloric acid lossis sodium hydroxide), txheej oxide tuaj yeem yaj, tso cai niobium kom maj mam. Tab sis raws li cov xwm txheej raug (piv txwv li, coj mus rhaub dej, nag), niobium tseem nyob ruaj khov.