Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob, kev lag luam smelting yeej ib txwm nyob hauv lub lag luam loj, thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev ua tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ntau yam ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog cov smelting raw cov ntaub ntawv uas ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom lag luam smelting.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm silicon blocks yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis, thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov ntsiab lus impurity tsawg li tsawg tau.
Piv txwv li, qee lub tuam txhab cam khwb cia txhuas alloy siv cov txhuas txhuas tuag nrog cov ntsiab lus silicon ntawm li 10%. Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob tshiab xws li hnub ci zog, cov khoom siv silicon block kuj xav tau. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom tsis huv muaj xws li txhuas, hlau, thiab calcium. Peb yuav tsum tau ua zoo lis impurities nyob rau hauv txawv daim ntawv thov ntau yam.
Nws cov khoom zoo ib yam li silicon, tsis muaj zog thiab nyuaj ua ke nrog oxygen. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj yog insoluble hauv inorganic thiab organic acids.
Ntshiab silicon minerals yog quartz los yog silica. Muaj ob lub allotropes: ib qho yog xim av tsaus nti amorphous hmoov uas ua haujlwm thiab tuaj yeem hlawv hauv huab cua; lwm yam yog siv lead ua ruaj khov (crystalline silicon). Muaj silicon blocks kuj tseem siv tau raws li kev thov cov neeg ua haujlwm alloying thiab deoxidizers nyob rau hauv smelting ntawm tshwj xeeb steels thiab non-ferrous alloys.
Feem ntau, silica thiab quartz yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li iav, thiab cov quartz zoo yog siv los tsim cov alloys, hlau thiab ib leeg muaju. "Metal silicon" (tseem hu ua industrial silicon nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws) yog ib yam khoom npe uas tshwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab -1960s. Nws qhov tshwm sim yog cuam tshuam nrog kev nce ntawm kev lag luam semiconductor.
Cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm cov hlau silicon blocks: suav nrog silicon hmoov, ntug silicon, dub silicon, hlau silicon slag, thiab lwm yam. Microsilica hmoov tseem hu ua silica hmoov, microsilica hmoov lossis silica fume. Hlau silicon, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv refractory thiab qhob industries: Nws yog industrially purified elemental silicon thiab yog tsuas yog siv los tsim cov organic silicon, high-purity semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv thiab alloys npaj rau tshwj xeeb hom phiaj, thiab lwm yam.
Yog tias qhov loj me me dhau lawm, txawm hais tias qhov sib cuag ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov roj tsim tawm thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem tso tawm tau yooj yim, uas yuav ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb. Kuj hu ua crystalline silicon los yog muaj silicon, nws yog tsuas yog siv los ua ib qho additive rau non-ferrous alloys.
Silicon block yog cov khoom siv ua kom huv si, feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv organic, npaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo siab, thiab npaj cov alloys rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb. Kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab-purity semiconductors: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj niaj hnub no yuav luag txhua qhov ua los ntawm cov hlau purity silicon blocks, thiab lawv kuj yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov fibers optical. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias yog lub hauv paus ncej kev lag luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hnub nyoog.
Thaum qhov loj me me dhau lawm, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov cub qhov nplaum thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev, cov silica tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov kua silicon yooj yim, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov slag, nyuaj rau kev tawm hauv lub cub tawg, txo qhov rov qab. tus nqi ntawm silicon, nce kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub cub tawg.
Tus nqi nce rau hauv qab, cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, daim ntawv thov kev lag luam ntawm cov hlau silicon yuav nthuav dav ntxiv.