Silicon hlau, tseem hu ua kev lag luam silicon lossis crystalline silicon, yog cov khoom siv metalloid tsim los ntawm smelting quartz thiab carbonaceous txo cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv submerged arc rauv. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm silicon feem ntau yog li ntawm 98% txog 99.99%. Feem ntau hu ua "kev lag luam MSG," silicon hlau ua cov khoom siv tsis tseem ceeb rau hnub ci photovoltaic cells, semiconductor chips, silicone-raws li tshuaj, thiab siab -kev ua tau zoo aluminium alloys. Raws li kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb hloov pauv mus rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab thiab kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qib siab - silicon hlau purity (xws li hnub ci thiab hluav taws xob qib) tau mus txog qhov siab uas tsis tau muaj dua. Cov lus qhia dav dav no qhia meej cov ntsiab lus, kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, kev lag luam muab qhab nia, ntau - kev lag luam daim ntawv thov, thiab cov tswv yim kev yuav khoom rau cov hlau silicon, ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv lag luam kev lag luam.
Rau cov lus nug ntau lossis kev cai tshwj xeeb, thov hu rau peb pab neeg muab khoom thoob ntiaj teb:
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Silicon hlau yog dab tsi thiab nws txhais tau li cas?
Hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov khoom siv sciences,silicon hlau (Harmonized System Code, HS Code: 2804.6900)txhais tau tias yog siab -purity elemental silicon tau los ntawm kev txo qis carbonothermic ntawm silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Txawm hais tias silicon yog scientifically cais raws li ib tug metalloid nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm vim nws cov hlau sib xyaw thiab tsis yog -cov khoom siv hlau, nws yog cov khoom lag luam hu ua "silicon hlau" thoob plaws ntiaj teb kev lag luam vim nws cov nyiaj zoo nkauj thiab nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ua tus neeg sawv cev alloying hauv metallurgical industries.
Structureally, silicon hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov hardness siab, siab melting point (1414 degree), thiab intrinsic semiconductor zog. Hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, nws tau muab faib ua ntau hom qauv raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev tso cai ntawm nws peb lub ntsiab impurities: hlau (Fe), txhuas (Al), thiab calcium (Ca). Cov ntsiab lus tshuaj tshwj xeeb no qhia ncaj qha rau tus nqi lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem niaj hnub tsim khoom ntawm Industrial Silicon Hlau?
Qhov loj -scale kev lag luam ntau lawm ntawm industrial silicon hlau yog feem ntau nyob rau siab - zog-sivsubmerged arc rauv carbonothermic txo. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hauv kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tuaj yeem sau los ntawm cov theem tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
- Raw Khoom Npaj:High -purity silica pob zeb los yog quartz gravel uas muaj tshaj 99.0% SiO₂ yog ua tib zoo xaiv. Lawv tau ua ke nrog qis- cov pa carbonaceous txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, suav nrog roj av coke, cov thee bituminous, charcoal, thiab ntoo chips.
- Rauv Charging:Cov silica thiab cov pa roj carbon reductants tau sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov sib piv ntawm cov stoichiometric thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub qhov cub submerged arc.
- Electric Arc Smelting:Graphite electrodes ntxig tob rau hauv tus nqi kom tawm tsam lub zog hluav taws xob arc, tsav cov tub ntxhais hauv qhov cub kub mus txog 1800℃-2000 degree. Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv paus chiv keeb tshwm sim:
SiO₂ + 2C → Si + 2CO↑ - Refining thiab Casting:Lub molten kua silicon yog tapped los ntawm hauv qab ntawm lub cub tawg rau hauv ib tug ladle. Oxygen thiab compressed cua yog txhaj los ntawm ib tug ladle - cov txheej txheem refining xaiv oxidize thiab tshem tawm cov kab calcium thiab txhuas impurities. Lub refined molten silicon yog ces poured rau hauv loj casting pwm kom solidify rau hauv silicon ingots.
- Crushing thiab ntim:Thaum txias lawm, cov silicon ingots tau siv tshuab crushing thiab automated sorting kom tau raws li cov qoob loo tshwj xeeb - qhov yuav tsum tau muaj (piv txwv li, 10-100mm blocks, 2-5mm granules, los yog cov hmoov zoo silicon) ua ntej muab ntim rau hauv cov dej noo -cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
Yuav txhais li cas Silicon Hlau Qib thiab Specifications?
Cov txheej txheem muab qhab nia rau cov hlau silicon nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov npe thoob ntiaj teb (xws li Suav teb chaws tus qauv GB/T 2881-2014 lossis sib npaug ISO qauv). Cov qib kev lag luam tus qauv raug xaiv los ntawm peb tus lej - lossis plaub tus lej ntsuas tus lej sawv cev rau feem pua ntawm cov hlau (Fe), aluminium (Al), thiab calcium (Ca) nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Analysis ntawm Core Commercial Qib:
- Qib 553 (Silicon Hlau 553):Qhia txog cov ntsiab lus hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.50%, cov ntsiab lus txhuas ntawm Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.50%, thiab cov ntsiab lus calcium tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.30%. Qhov no yog tus qauv hauv paus metallurgical- qib silicon, tuav tag nrho silicon purity ntawm ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 98.5%.
- Qib 441 (Silicon Hlau 441):Qhia txog cov ntsiab lus hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.40%, cov ntsiab lus txhuas ntawm Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.40%, thiab cov ntsiab lus calcium tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.10%. Nws nta silicon purity ntawm ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 99.0% thiab yog siv dav hauv cov qauv txhuas alloys thiab kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim.
- Qib 3303 (Silicon Hlau 3303):Qhia txog cov ntsiab lus hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.30%, cov ntsiab lus txhuas ntawm Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.30%, thiab cov ntsiab lus calcium tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.03%. Qhov no sawv cev rau qib siab -purity tier nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.3%, feem ntau tau txais los ua cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau hnub ci- qib polysilicon.
- Qib 2202 (Silicon Hlau 2202):Qhia txog cov ntsiab lus hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.20%, cov ntsiab lus txhuas ntawm Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.20%, thiab cov ntsiab lus calcium tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.02%. Qhov no ultra- qib ntshiab yields cov ntsiab lus silicon ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 99.58% thiab feem ntau yog tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws - qib master alloys.
Dab tsi yog Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem ntawm Standard Silicon Metal?
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam hnyav tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb qib ntawm silicon hlau. Txhua qhov ntsuas tau ua raws li qhov kawg thib peb - cov qauv tshuaj xyuas tog neeg (xws li SGS, Eurofins, AHK) siv hauv cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb:
| Qib | Si Min (%) | Fe Max (%) | Al Max (%) | Ca Max (%) | Tej daim ntawv thov teb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 553 | 98.5% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.30% | Txheem aluminium alloy additives, foundry castings, deoxidizers rau structural steel ntau lawm. |
| 441 | 99.1% | 0.40% | 0.40% | 0.10% | Siab -kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsheb txhuas lub log, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thawj cov khoom siv silicone monomers. |
| 421 | 99.3% | 0.40% | 0.20% | 0.10% | Tshuaj -qib organic silicone intermediates, tailored industrial polymers, silicone fluid raw khoom. |
| 3303 | 99.37% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.03% | Photovoltaic polysilicon raw precursors (trichlorosilane gas synthesis), hwm optoelectronic Cheebtsam. |
| 2202 | 99.58% | 0.20% | 0.20% | 0.02% | Ultra- siab purity semiconductor wafer substrate manufacturing, advanced aerospace tshwj xeeb alloys. |
Yuav ua li cas yog Silicon Metal Applied nyob rau hauv Tshuaj thiab Silicone Kev Lag Luam?
Hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj niaj hnub no, tshuaj lom neeg - qib silicon hlau (feem ntau yog qib 421 thiab 411) ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas.silicones (organosilicon polymers). Hauv av silicon hlau hmoov reacts nrog methyl chloride gas nyob rau hauv lub txaj txaj reactor ntawm Rochow ncaj qha synthesis txheej txheem, yielding dimethyldichlorosilane nrog rau cov organosilane monomers.
Los ntawm cov hydrolysis tom qab, tawg -distillation, thiab condensation polymerization, cov monomers tau hloov mus rau ntau txhiab tus siab - cov khoom lag luam hauv qab dej:
- Silicone Roj Hmab:Muaj nqi zog rau nws cov thermal stability, tsis tshua muaj tshuaj reactivity, thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev zog. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tsheb ntsaws ruaj ruaj, kev kho mob- cov khoom qib, cov khoom siv me nyuam mos, thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev lag luam.
- Silicone roj thiab kua:Siv dav raws li siab -tier hluavtaws lubricants, muaj kev tiv thaiv- cov neeg ua npuas dej, pwm- tso tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab daim tawv nqaij- cov tshuaj pleev ib ce kom zoo.
- Silicone Resins thiab Sealants:Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov qauv iav kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa, vaj tsev vaj tse tiv thaiv huab cua, thiab cov roj teeb ntim hauv cov tsheb hluav taws xob (EVs) vim lawv muaj zog UV tiv taus thiab ntev -lub sij hawm elasticity.
Vim li cas Silicon Hlau INDISPENSABLE hauv Kev Lag Luam Niaj Hnub No Metallurgy?
Hauv cov txheej txheem pyrometallurgical ib txwm muaj, metallurgical- qib silicon hlau (chiefly qib 553 thiab 441) ua tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb hauv ob qhov chaw loj:
1. Lub zog muaj zog rau Aluminium Alloys:
Kev sib xyaw silicon rau hauv aluminium formulations (feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 5% thiab 13% los ua txhuas-silicon/Al-Si master alloys) ua kom zoo dua cov yaj fluidity, casting hnav tsis kam, thiab shrinkage- tawg tsis kam ntawm cov hlau. Lub teeb yuag, siab -lub zog aluminium- cov ntaub ntawv silicon no hnyav ua ke rau hauv tsheb cav, pistons, log hubs, thiab aerospace moj khaum cov rooj sib txoos, ua kom lub tsheb hnyav thiab txo qis carbon emissions.
2. Hwm Deoxidizing Agent hauv Steelmaking:
Thaum lub sij hawm carbon steel thiab precision stainless hlau refining, elemental silicon reacts muaj zog nrog yaj oxygen nyob rau hauv lub molten steel da dej los tsim silicon dioxide (SiO₂), uas yooj yim ntab mus rau hauv lub slag txheej rau tshem tawm. Piv nrog rau cov qauv ferrosilicon, cov hlau ntshiab silicon zam kev qhia cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm tus khub. Tsis tas li ntawd, silicon yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau alloying nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob steels (silicon steel) thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav steels, boosting core magnetic permeability thiab mechanical qaug zog txwv.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Cov Qib Sib Txawv ntawm Silicon Hlau Sib Piv thiab Sib Piv?
Cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov hlau silicon muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, cov nqi ua haujlwm, thiab hla - kev txwv kev lag luam. Xaiv cov qib kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig kawg thiab cov nqi tsim khoom:
- Tsawg-Tier Metallurgical Silicon (piv txwv li, 553) vs. High-Tier Metallurgical Silicon (xws li, 441):Qib 553 nta ib qho kev txo qis ntawm calcium (txog li 0.3%), ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov qauv castings thiab steel deoxidation. Hloov pauv, qib 441 txwv cov calcium rau 0.1% max, muab cov kev txwv elongation ntau dua thiab cov tawv nqaij tawg uas xav tau rau cov khoom siv hauv tsheb thiab cov khoom siv hlau zoo txhuas hlau.
- Tshuaj-Qib Silicon (piv txwv li, 421) vs. Photovoltaic Precursor Qib (piv txwv li, 3303/2202):Tshuaj lom neeg - qib silicon meej meej tswj cov txhuas thiab calcium txwv kom ua kom cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov monomer yields hauv cov dej hauv txaj. Lub caij no, hnub ci - qib raw cov khoom siv chains cia siab rau qib 3303 thiab siab dua vim tias lawv txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.3%), uas ua rau txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev siv hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm tom qab tshuaj purification cov kauj ruam xws li Modified Siemens Process.
Silicon hlau vs Ferrosilicon thiab FesiZr: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb?
Cov thawj tswj kev yuav khoom feem ntau tsis meej pem silicon hlau nrogferrosilicon (FeSi)thiabferrosilicon zirconium (FeSiZr)alloys. Txawm hais tias tag nrho peb qhov sib koom siab ntawm silicon, lawv muaj cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv kiag li, tus nqi matrices, thiab kawg - siv daim ntawv thov:
- Chemical Composition thiab Purity:Silicon hlau yog ib qho ze ntawm - cov khoom ntshiab (Si Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 98.5%), qhov twg hlau yog qhov tsis huv. Ferrosilicon yog ib qho kev txiav txim siab hlau-silicon ferroalloy (xws li FeSi75, muaj li ntawm 75% silicon nrog qhov sib npaug yog hlau). Ferrosilicon Zirconium yog ib qho tshwj xeeb sib xyaw ferroalloy embedded nrog 2% -6% zirconium (Zr) kom optimize cast structures.
- Production Economics:Silicon hlau xav tau ultra- siab purity quartz pob zeb thiab hwm qis -ash carbonaceous reductants ua tiav nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob khaus -arc furnace thermal profiles. Nws yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab hais kom tus nqi lag luam siab tshaj plaws. Ferrosilicon thiab FeSiZr siv cov khoom siv hlau los yog hlau ore nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cua sov qis, ua rau txo qis cov nqi tsim khoom thiab cov nqi pheej yig dua.
- Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb:Silicon hlau yog lub hauv paus ua ntej rau siab -tech polysilicon, organosilicon polymers, thiab tshwj xeeb txhuas casting. Ferrosilicon yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam steel ntau raws li tus nqi - siv tau zoo deoxidizer thiab alloying ntxiv. Ferrosilicon Zirconium ua haujlwm raws li qib siab -tier inoculant thiab nodulizer nyob rau hauv precision grey thiab ductile hlau foundries, refining graphite flake tis, tshem tawm chilling tsis xws luag, thiab txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab toughness.
Qhov Kawg Kev Qhia Txog Kev Yuav Khoom Rau Ntiaj Teb Silicon Metal Procurement
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha, txhim kho cov nqi xa khoom, thiab ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig kev ua raws cai, ZhenAn qhia cov kws tshaj lij kev muag khoom thoob ntiaj teb kom ua tiav cov tswv yim hauv qab no:
- Align Specific Element Trace Tolerances:Tsis txhob cia siab rau kev faib qib macro nkaus xwb (xws li "553"). Vim tias cov txheej txheem hauv qab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob, ib txwm tsim kom pom tseeb ppm - theem (ib feem ntawm lab) qhov pib rau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb xws li phosphorus (P), boron (B), titanium (Ti), thiab tag nrho cov pa roj carbon (C).
- Yuav Tsum Tau Ua Ua Ntej -Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Xa Khoom (PSI):Raw silicon hlau nto tuaj yeem yooj yim cuab slag hais los yog undergo superficial oxidation thaum lub sij hawm cia. Ib txwm tso cai ywj pheej thib peb- tog chaw kuaj mob (xws li SGS, Eurofins, lossis CCIC) ua rau - qhov chaw random sampling, mesh particle sieve tsom xam, ntim kev kuaj xyuas kev ncaj ncees, thiab tag nrho cov optical emission spectroscopy (OES) tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm chaw thau khoom.
- Txheeb xyuas Carbon Footprint thiab ESG Ua raws:Nrog cov kev cai xws li European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ua haujlwm siab, siab -cov khoom lag luam muaj zog ntsib kev soj ntsuam ib puag ncig nruj. Ua ntej tsim cov chaw tsim khoom uas siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab (xws li hydropower lossis hnub ci arrays) rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab thov tau ntawv pov thawj ISO 14067 Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) nthuav tawm los txo cov nqi se carbon.
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ua Silicon hlau ua si hauv kev lag luam hnub ci zog?
Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm lub ntiaj teb txuas ntxiv hluav taws xob sector,silicon hlau tau tshwm sim raws li irreplaceable foundational raw khoom rau lub hnub ci photovoltaic (PV) kev lag luam. Los ntawm cov pob zeb quartz zoo ib yam mus rau siab - kev ua haujlwm hnub ci modules tsim hluav taws xob huv si, silicon hlau tsim cov physics tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no. Cov txheej txheem muab khoom siv raws li cov qauv ntws raws li hauv qab no:
Thoob plaws lub hnub ci zog cov nqi saw, silicon hlau underpins cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qab no thiab cov tswv yim txoj haujlwm:
- Absolute Base Material for Solar-Grade Polysilicon (SoG-Si):Lub hwj chim- tsim nruab nrab ntawm hnub ci arrays nyob ntawm siab -purity crystalline silicon wafers. Txhawm rau tsim cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hlau nplaum silicon hlau (feem ntau yog siab-qib 3303 lossis 441) yuav tsum tau muab los ua cov tshuaj pib ua ntej.
- Foundation rau High Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency:Lub hnub ci hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm crystalline thiab purity ntawm silicon wafer tiav. Lub hauv paus purity ntawm thawj zaug silicon hlau input ncaj qha tswj cov tshuaj hloov pauv cov nqi thiab refining zog loads thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej gas-theem deposition cov kauj ruam.
- Core Driver ntawm Solar Module Tus Nqi Tus Qauv:Raws li cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv raw silicon hlau pricing fluctuations propagate down by polysilicon ingots, wafers, and cells. Nws cov nqi lag luam ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tus nqi tsim khoom kawg ib watt ($ / W) thiab tag nrho cov nyiaj rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev (ROI) rau kev siv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb- teev hnub ci kev teeb tsa.
Paub meej FAQ
Cov kev pom tseem ceeb ntawm Silicon Hlau hauv Photovoltaics
Q1: Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm silicon hlau ua si hauv lub hnub ci zog (photovoltaic) kev lag luam?
A1:Silicon hlau ua raws li lub hauv paus tsev thaiv thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom rau tag nrho hnub ci photovoltaic (PV) cov saw hlau. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los hloov lub ntuj, tsis yog -conductive silicon dioxide rau hauv cov khoom siv raw ib leeg- silicon uas haum rau kev sib sib zog nqus chemical refinement. Cov crystalline silicon hlwb embedded nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no muaj silicon hlau. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov ruaj khov thiab siab siab - cov khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob silicon hlau, cov dej ntws hauv qab kom huv mus rau hauv hyper- ntshiab polysilicon, monocrystalline ingot rub, thiab hnub ci cell fabrication yuav ua tsis tau.
Q2: Silicon hlau siv los tsim hnub ci- qib polysilicon thiab wafers li cas?
A2:Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau silicon nyoos rau hauv siab -kev ua haujlwm hnub ci wafers cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem metallurgical, tshuaj, thiab lub cev ua kom zoo. Ua ntej, cov hlau muaj silicon yog mechanically crushed rau hauv cov hmoov zoo thiab pub rau hauv lub txaj fluidized reactor. Ntawm no, nws reacts nrog anhydrous hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug catalyst los ua ke gaseous trichlorosilane (SiHCl₃, los yog TCS). Cov roj trichlorosilane no tau dhau los ua cov fractional distillation los ntawm ntau -theem distillation kab kom cais tawm thiab tshem tawm cov kab tsis huv mus rau ppt (ib feem ntawm trillion) qib. Lub hyper-purified trichlorosilane roj yog tom qab ntawd sib xyaw nrog siab -purity hydrogen thiab txhaj rau hauv qhov chaw kaw tshuaj vapor deposition (CVD) reactor, qhov uas nws tso rau hauv cov cua sov silicon filaments ntawm 1100℃. Cov txheej txheem no loj hlob tuab rods ntawm hnub ci{10}} qib polysilicon (SoG-Si), ua tiav cov khoom siv purity ntawm 6N thiab 9N (99.9999% rau 99.9999999%). Cov siab no -purity polysilicon chunks yog tom qab yaj nyob rau hauv quartz crucibles nyob rau hauv ib tug Czochralski (CZ) monocrystalline rauv kom rub ib leeg - siv lead ua silicon ingots. Thaum kawg, cov ingots no tau hlais rau hauv ultra-nyias hnub ci wafers siv siab-ceev pob zeb diamond hlau saws.
Q3: Vim li cas siab -purity silicon hlau tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm photovoltaic?
A3:High-purity raw inputs yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias lub hnub ci hlwb tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm cov nyhuv photovoltaic, uas tso siab rau qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb-induced electron-qhov khub hla ap-n hlws ris. Yog hais tias thawj zaug silicon hlau muaj siab impurity theem uas khiav tawm cov tshuaj purification thawj zaug, cov kab mob atoms cuam tshuam qhov kawg wafer lub atomic siv lead ua lattice. Cov microscopic defects no tsim "lattice distortions" hauv zos thiab tsim qhov sib sib zog nqus-theem recombination chaw nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob bandgap. Yog li ntawd, thaum tshav ntuj excites valence electrons mus rau hauv lub conduction band, cov cab kuj raug kaw thiab recombine nyob rau hauv no defect qhov chaw ua ntej khiav raws li hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhov no hloov lub teeb lub zog rau hauv khib nyiab, ua rau poob qis hauv lub hnub ci module tag nrho photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Q4: Dab tsi impurities hauv silicon hlau cuam tshuam rau lub hnub ci kev ua haujlwm?
A4:Ntawm cov kab ntau yam pom nyob rau hauv cov hlau silicon, peb pawg tseem ceeb ntawm impurities ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm hauv hnub ci hnub ci:
1. Hloov pauv hlau (piv txwv li, Hlau Fe, Titanium Ti, Chromium Cr, Vanadium V):Txawm hais tias ntawm ppb (ib feem ntawm ib billion) cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus no tsim lub zog sib sib zog nqus hauv cov silicon bandgap. Lawv ua raws li cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, txo qis cov neeg nqa khoom tsawg lub neej thiab txo qis qhib - hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab luv - tam sim no ntawm lub hnub ci cell.
2. Pawg III thiab Pawg V Cov Ntsiab Lus (feem ntau yog Boron B thiab Phosphorus P):Boron thiab phosphorus ua raws li ntuj dopants uas txhais tau tias silicon's P-hom lossis N- hom hluav taws xob conductivity. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus no hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov khoom siv raw, nws ua rau kev tswj hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm monocrystalline siv lead ua kev loj hlob tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau lub zog tsis zoo hauv cov hnub ci tiav.
3. Tsis yog-Metallic Contaminants (Carbon C thiab Oxygen O):Cov pa roj carbon ntau dhau ua rau tsim cov microscopic silicon carbide (SiC) precipitates thaum ingot casting. Cov kev sib koom ua ke nyuaj no feem ntau ua rau pob zeb diamond hlau tawg, wafer tawg, thiab sab hauv micro- tawg thaum lub sij hawm siab - ceev slicing, txo cov nqi hluav taws xob.
Q5: Ua li cas cov hlau silicon pab txhawb rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hnub ci vaj huam sib luag?
A5:Muab tso rau ntawm lub ncov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv, silicon hlau ua haujlwm ua lub tshuab ua lag luam tseem ceeb rau kev xa cov nqi qis. Thaum nws tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tiav daim nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (BOM), nws sawv cev rau ib tug nruj noj ratio ntawm kwv yees li 1.15 mus rau 1.20 kg ntawm silicon hlau ib kg ntawm refined polysilicon. Yog li ntawd, nws cov nqi lag luam ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov nqi tsim khoom polysilicon. Thaum lub ntiaj teb silicon hlau nqi nce siab, polysilicon cov nqi nce nrawm, tsav tsheb nce nqi rau wafers, hlwb, thiab modules. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus purity ntawm silicon hlau lub cev cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom. Sourcing qis-qib, cov pa phem heev silicon hlau quab yuam polysilicon refineries kom muaj zog distillation recycling loops thiab txuas ntxiv mus ua tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov no ua rau nce hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj reagent noj, ua rau cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov hnub ci kawg.
Q6: Qhov txawv ntawm metallurgical-qib thiab hnub ci- qib silicon yog dab tsi?
A6:Metallurgical-qib silicon thiab hnub ci- qib silicon sib txawv ntawm cov purity metrics, cov qauv ntawm lub cev, kev tsim cov hneev taw, thiab cov nqi lag luam:
1. Purity Divide:Metallurgical-Grade Silicon (MG-Si), feem ntau hu ua tus qauv silicon hlau, tuav cov purity profile xws li 98.5% mus rau 99.7% (kwv yees li 2N purity), nrog rau nws cov impurities nyob rau hauv cov feem pua los yog qhov chaw ntawm ib txhiab. Hnub ci-Qib Silicon (SoG-Si) xav tau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus purity qhov pib ntawm 99.9999% mus rau 99.999999% (6N txog 8N+ purity), txwv tsis pub muaj cov kab mob tag nrho nruj me ntsis rau ppm lossis ppb nplai.
2. Lub cev tshwm sim thiab kev ntsuas kev lag luam:Metallurgical silicon nthuav tawm raws li qhov tsaus nti- grey, rugged, fractured metallic chunks nrog pom nto slag inclusions thiab tsis yog -ib txwm siv lead ua ciam teb; Nws yog pauv raws li cov khoom lag luam ntau tus nqi ib metric ton (MT). Hnub ci- qib silicon zoo nkaus li ci ntsa iab, nyiaj- tsom iav ntom ntom nti lossis cov hlaws zoo nkauj du tsis muaj cov kab mob tsis zoo, thiab nws hais kom hwm thev naus laus zis-tier pricing.
Q7: Yuav ua li cas yog silicon hlau refined rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv photovoltaic?
A7:Refining industrial-qib silicon hlau rau hauv hluav taws xob- tsim cov ntaub ntawv photovoltaic cia siab rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm cov tshuajHloov Siemens txheej txheemlubSilane Fluidized txaj Reactor (FBR) Standard.
Raws li txoj hauv kev hloov pauv Siemens tseem ceeb, cov txheej txheem pib los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov hmoov hlau silicon hlau nrog cov kua dej kub HCl rau cov tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom silicon rau hauv cov kua trichlorosilane (TCS). Cov tshuaj nruab nrab no dhau los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kab sib txuas ntawm cov kab sib txuas uas siv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv me ntsis kom sib cais thiab ntxuav cov chlorides ntawm hlau, txhuas, calcium, boron, thiab phosphorus. Lub ultra-purified trichlorosilane roj yog ces tov nrog vaporized siab - purity hydrogen thiab txhaj rau hauv kaw, tswb -zoo li Siemens deposition reactors. Sab hauv, tam sim no - nqa U- zoo li siab - purity silicon filaments yog hluav taws xob rhuab mus rau 1100℃. Raws li cov roj sib tov sib cuag cov pas nrig kub, cov tshuaj txo qis tshwm sim, tso cov ntshiab silicon atoms txheej los ntawm txheej. Ntau pua lub sij hawm, cov filaments no loj hlob mus rau hauv tuab, hyper- ntshiab polycrystalline silicon pas nrig qauv, uas yog tom qab sau thiab tawg mus rau hauv huv polysilicon chunks rau monocrystalline wafer casting.
Q8: Vim li cas qhov kev thov rau cov hlau silicon nce hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab?
A8:Kev nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv silicon hlau xav tau rau hauv lub voj voog kev loj hlob. Tsav los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb cov hom phiaj ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab kev ua raws cai ntawm Paris Climate Agreement, hnub ci photovoltaic tiam tau dhau los ua qhov nrawm tshaj plaws ntawm - qhov loj hlob ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab - nplai lub zog thoob ntiaj teb. Txhua xyoo kev teeb tsa lub hnub ci thoob ntiaj teb txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov nrawm nrawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev lag luam hnub ci hloov mus rau qhov siab tshaj -kev ua tau zoo N- hom solar cell architectures (xws li TOPCon, HJT, thiab BC cell technologies), cov kev cai purity rau hauv qab silicon wafers tau loj hlob ntau nruj. Qhov kev txhim kho no ncaj qha ua rau qhov kev thov tsis tu ncua rau tus nqi, qis- tsis huv silicon hlau qib (xws li siab -purity 3303 thiab 2202). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev lag luam ntawm silicon{13}}cov khoom siv carbon sib xyaw anode nyob rau tom ntej - tiam lithium- ion EV roj teeb tau tshwm sim los ua qhov siab - kev loj hlob theem nrab xav tau tsav tsheb rau ultra- zoo silicon precursors. Qhov kev nthuav dav ob qhov no ua rau lub sijhawm ntev -kev thov rau siab- qib silicon hlau thoob ntiaj teb lub zog cia thiab kev lag luam txuas ntxiv.
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ZhenAn Metallurgy & Cov Khoom Siv Tshiab Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj
