lub propertise ntawm silicon hlau
Silicon yog ib qho ntawm cov semi-metals, yav tas los hu ua "silicon". Lub melting point yog 1420 degree thiab qhov ceev yog 2.34 g / cm3. Nyuaj thiab nkig. Nws yog insoluble nyob rau hauv acid nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv alkali. Cov khoom ntawm silicon hlau zoo ib yam li cov germanium, txhuas, thiab tin, thiab nws muaj cov khoom semiconductor. Silicon muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb lub crust, thib ob tsuas yog oxygen, thiab tso nyiaj rau ntau tshaj ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov hnyav ntawm lub ntiaj teb crustsilicon dioxideor nyob rau hauv daim ntawv silicate. Lub purest silica ntxhia yog quartz los yog silica. Silicon muaj ob lub allotropes: ib qho yog xim av tsaus amorphous hmoov uas ua haujlwm thiab tuaj yeem hlawv hauv huab cua; Lwm qhov yog siv lead ua nrog cov khoom ruaj khov (crystalline silicon). Feem ntau, silica thiab quartz yog siv rau hauv iav thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab cov khoom siv zoo quartz yog siv los ua cov alloys, hlau thiab ib leeg muaju.
Khoom Description
Kev faib tawm ntawm silicon hlau feem ntau yog cais raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb lub ntsiab impurities uas muaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm silicon hlau: hlau, txhuas, thiab calcium. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau, txhuas thiab calcium hauv silicon hlau, silicon hlau tuaj yeem muab faib ua 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 thiab lwm qib sib txawv.
Silicon hlau feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm silicon, yog li nws muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau silicon. Muaj ob hom allotropic ntawm silicon: amorphous silicon thiab crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon yog cov hmoov greyish-dub uas ua tau kuj yog microcrystalline. Crystalline silicon muaj cov qauv siv lead ua thiab cov khoom semiconductor ntawm pob zeb diamond, melting point 1410 degree, boiling point 2355 degree, Mohs hardness 7, brittleness. Amorphous silicon yog tshuaj lom neeg thiab tuaj yeem hlawv hnyav hauv oxygen. Nws reacts nrog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau xws li halogen, nitrogen, thiab carbon ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau xws li magnesium, calcium, thiab hlau los tsim cov silicides.
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